HTTPS (全称:Hyper Text Transfer Protocol over SecureSocket Layer),是以安全为目标的 HTTP 通道,在HTTP的基础上通过传输加密和身份认证保证了传输过程的安全性 。HTTPS 在HTTP 的基础下加入SSL,HTTPS 的安全基础是 SSL,因此加密的详细内容就需要 SSL。 HTTPS 存在不同于 HTTP 的默认端口及一个加密/身份验证层(在 HTTP与 TCP 之间)。这个系统提供了身份验证与加密通讯方法。它被广泛用于万维网上安全敏感的通讯,例如交易支付等方面。下面,本律师将验证可行的配置https访问协议方法分享如下,供您参考: 一、提前向腾讯云、阿里云或者华为云申请有效期为一年的免费SSL证书,后面要用到。 二、打开httpd.conf 文件,去掉下面两行代码前面#号LoadModule ssl_module modules/mod_ssl.soLoadModule socache_shmcb_module modules/mod_socache_shmcb.so 三、新建d:/apache/cert/,在cert目录下面放置你向腾讯云、阿里云或者华为云申请的SSL证书(一般为三个文件)。
四、方法一:结合你的实际情况,在httpd.conf 文件末尾直接添加以下代码(不启用httpd-ssl.conf文件):
<IfModule ssl_module> # 将httpd-ssl.conf中的关键命令代码及参数写入 SSLRandomSeed startup builtin SSLRandomSeed connect builtin SSLCipherSuite HIGH:MEDIUM:!MD5:!RC4:!3DES SSLPassPhraseDialog builtin SSLSessionCacheTimeout 300 <FilesMatch "\.(cgi|shtml|phtml|php)$"> SSLOptions +StdEnvVars </FilesMatch> Listen 443 https <VirtualHost *:443> DocumentRoot "d:/web/xxxcn/" ServerName xxx.cn ServerAlias www.xxx.cn SSLEngine on SSLCertificateFile "d:/apache/cert/xxxcn/xxx.cn.crt" SSLCertificateKeyFile "d:/apache/cert/xxxcn/xxx.cn.key" SSLCertificateChainFile "d:/apache/cert/xxxcn/root_bundle.crt" DirectoryIndex index.php index.html <Directory "d:/web/xxxcn/"> Options FollowSymLinks AllowOverride All <RequireAll> Require all granted # 屏蔽某一特定IP Require not ip 171.8.172.102 # 屏蔽某一特定IP段 Require not ip 123.149 171.8 125.41 125.46 61.52 123.60 222.137 123.52 1.192 182.119 123.161 221.15 123.160 27.115.124 42.236.10 </RequireAll> </Directory> CustomLog "logs/xxxcn.log" combined </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost *:443> DocumentRoot "d:/web/yyycom/" ServerName yyy.com ServerAlias www.yyy.com SSLEngine on SSLCertificateFile "d:/apache/cert/yyycom/yyy.com.crt" SSLCertificateKeyFile "d:/apache/cert/yyycom/yyy.com.key" SSLCertificateChainFile "d:/apache/cert/yyycom/root_bundle.crt" DirectoryIndex index.php index.html <Directory "d:/web/yyycom"> Options FollowSymLinks AllowOverride All <RequireAll> Require all granted # 屏蔽某一特定IP Require not ip 171.8.172.102 # 屏蔽某一特定IP段 Require not ip 123.149 171.8 125.41 125.46 61.52 123.60 222.137 123.52 1.192 182.119 123.161 221.15 123.160 27.115.124 42.236.10 </RequireAll> </Directory> CustomLog "logs/yyycom.log" combined </VirtualHost> </IfModule>
方法二:在httpd.conf 文件查找#Include conf/extra/httpd-ssl.conf并将其前面的#去掉,启用httpd-ssl.conf文件。
打开httpd-ssl.conf文件,并将以下网站默认示例配置代码删除掉(否则apache不能启动):
<VirtualHost _default_:443> # General setup for the virtual host DocumentRoot "${SRVROOT}/htdocs" ServerName www.example.com:443 ServerAdmin admin@example.com ErrorLog "${SRVROOT}/logs/error.log" TransferLog "${SRVROOT}/logs/access.log" # SSL Engine Switch: # Enable/Disable SSL for this virtual host. SSLEngine on # Server Certificate: # Point SSLCertificateFile at a PEM encoded certificate. If # the certificate is encrypted, then you will be prompted for a # pass phrase. Note that a kill -HUP will prompt again. Keep # in mind that if you have both an RSA and a DSA certificate you # can configure both in parallel (to also allow the use of DSA # ciphers, etc.) # Some ECC cipher suites (http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4492.txt) # require an ECC certificate which can also be configured in # parallel. SSLCertificateFile "${SRVROOT}/conf/server.crt" #SSLCertificateFile "${SRVROOT}/conf/server-dsa.crt" #SSLCertificateFile "${SRVROOT}/conf/server-ecc.crt" # Server Private Key: # If the key is not combined with the certificate, use this # directive to point at the key file. Keep in mind that if # you've both a RSA and a DSA private key you can configure # both in parallel (to also allow the use of DSA ciphers, etc.) # ECC keys, when in use, can also be configured in parallel SSLCertificateKeyFile "${SRVROOT}/conf/server.key" #SSLCertificateKeyFile "${SRVROOT}/conf/server-dsa.key" #SSLCertificateKeyFile "${SRVROOT}/conf/server-ecc.key" # Server Certificate Chain: # Point SSLCertificateChainFile at a file containing the # concatenation of PEM encoded CA certificates which form the # certificate chain for the server certificate. Alternatively # the referenced file can be the same as SSLCertificateFile # when the CA certificates are directly appended to the server # certificate for convenience. #SSLCertificateChainFile "${SRVROOT}/conf/server-ca.crt" # Certificate Authority (CA): # Set the CA certificate verification path where to find CA # certificates for client authentication or alternatively one # huge file containing all of them (file must be PEM encoded) # Note: Inside SSLCACertificatePath you need hash symlinks # to point to the certificate files. Use the provided # Makefile to update the hash symlinks after changes. #SSLCACertificatePath "${SRVROOT}/conf/ssl.crt" #SSLCACertificateFile "${SRVROOT}/conf/ssl.crt/ca-bundle.crt" # Certificate Revocation Lists (CRL): # Set the CA revocation path where to find CA CRLs for client # authentication or alternatively one huge file containing all # of them (file must be PEM encoded). # The CRL checking mode needs to be configured explicitly # through SSLCARevocationCheck (defaults to "none" otherwise). # Note: Inside SSLCARevocationPath you need hash symlinks # to point to the certificate files. Use the provided # Makefile to update the hash symlinks after changes. #SSLCARevocationPath "${SRVROOT}/conf/ssl.crl" #SSLCARevocationFile "${SRVROOT}/conf/ssl.crl/ca-bundle.crl" #SSLCARevocationCheck chain # Client Authentication (Type): # Client certificate verification type and depth. Types are # none, optional, require and optional_no_ca. Depth is a # number which specifies how deeply to verify the certificate # issuer chain before deciding the certificate is not valid. #SSLVerifyClient require #SSLVerifyDepth 10 # TLS-SRP mutual authentication: # Enable TLS-SRP and set the path to the OpenSSL SRP verifier # file (containing login information for SRP user accounts). # Requires OpenSSL 1.0.1 or newer. See the mod_ssl FAQ for # detailed instructions on creating this file. Example: # "openssl srp -srpvfile ${SRVROOT}/conf/passwd.srpv -add username" #SSLSRPVerifierFile "${SRVROOT}/conf/passwd.srpv" # Access Control: # With SSLRequire you can do per-directory access control based # on arbitrary complex boolean expressions containing server # variable checks and other lookup directives. The syntax is a # mixture between C and Perl. See the mod_ssl documentation # for more details. #<Location /> #SSLRequire ( %{SSL_CIPHER} !~ m/^(EXP|NULL)/ \ # and %{SSL_CLIENT_S_DN_O} eq "Snake Oil, Ltd." \ # and %{SSL_CLIENT_S_DN_OU} in {"Staff", "CA", "Dev"} \ # and %{TIME_WDAY} >= 1 and %{TIME_WDAY} <= 5 \ # and %{TIME_HOUR} >= 8 and %{TIME_HOUR} <= 20 ) \ # or %{REMOTE_ADDR} =~ m/^192\.76\.162\.[0-9]+$/ #</Location> # SSL Engine Options: # Set various options for the SSL engine. # o FakeBasicAuth: # Translate the client X.509 into a Basic Authorisation. This means that # the standard Auth/DBMAuth methods can be used for access control. The # user name is the `one line' version of the client's X.509 certificate. # Note that no password is obtained from the user. Every entry in the user # file needs this password: `xxj31ZMTZzkVA'. # o ExportCertData: # This exports two additional environment variables: SSL_CLIENT_CERT and # SSL_SERVER_CERT. These contain the PEM-encoded certificates of the # server (always existing) and the client (only existing when client # authentication is used). This can be used to import the certificates # into CGI scripts. # o StdEnvVars: # This exports the standard SSL/TLS related `SSL_*' environment variables. # Per default this exportation is switched off for performance reasons, # because the extraction step is an expensive operation and is usually # useless for serving static content. So one usually enables the # exportation for CGI and SSI requests only. # o StrictRequire: # This denies access when "SSLRequireSSL" or "SSLRequire" applied even # under a "Satisfy any" situation, i.e. when it applies access is denied # and no other module can change it. # o OptRenegotiate: # This enables optimized SSL connection renegotiation handling when SSL # directives are used in per-directory context. #SSLOptions +FakeBasicAuth +ExportCertData +StrictRequire <FilesMatch "\.(cgi|shtml|phtml|php)$"> SSLOptions +StdEnvVars </FilesMatch> <Directory "${SRVROOT}/cgi-bin"> SSLOptions +StdEnvVars </Directory> # SSL Protocol Adjustments: # The safe and default but still SSL/TLS standard compliant shutdown # approach is that mod_ssl sends the close notify alert but doesn't wait for # the close notify alert from client. When you need a different shutdown # approach you can use one of the following variables: # o ssl-unclean-shutdown: # This forces an unclean shutdown when the connection is closed, i.e. no # SSL close notify alert is sent or allowed to be received. This violates # the SSL/TLS standard but is needed for some brain-dead browsers. Use # this when you receive I/O errors because of the standard approach where # mod_ssl sends the close notify alert. # o ssl-accurate-shutdown: # This forces an accurate shutdown when the connection is closed, i.e. a # SSL close notify alert is send and mod_ssl waits for the close notify # alert of the client. This is 100% SSL/TLS standard compliant, but in # practice often causes hanging connections with brain-dead browsers. Use # this only for browsers where you know that their SSL implementation # works correctly. # Notice: Most problems of broken clients are also related to the HTTP # keep-alive facility, so you usually additionally want to disable # keep-alive for those clients, too. Use variable "nokeepalive" for this. # Similarly, one has to force some clients to use HTTP/1.0 to workaround # their broken HTTP/1.1 implementation. Use variables "downgrade-1.0" and # "force-response-1.0" for this. BrowserMatch "MSIE [2-5]" \ nokeepalive ssl-unclean-shutdown \ downgrade-1.0 force-response-1.0 # Per-Server Logging: # The home of a custom SSL log file. Use this when you want a # compact non-error SSL logfile on a virtual host basis. CustomLog "${SRVROOT}/logs/ssl_request.log" \ "%t %h %{SSL_PROTOCOL}x %{SSL_CIPHER}x \"%r\" %b" </VirtualHost>
然后根据自己实际情况增加以下代码:
#下面三行原删除的默认配置中有,现还原回来。 <FilesMatch "\.(cgi|shtml|phtml|php)$"> SSLOptions +StdEnvVars </FilesMatch> #apache2.4版本已支持下面两行命令,可不用配置 NameVirtualHost *:443 SSLStrictSNIVHostCheck off #依次配置https协议虚拟主机网站 #配置www.xxx.cn网站 <VirtualHost *:443> DocumentRoot "d:/web/xxxcn/" ServerName xxx.cn ServerAlias www.xxx.cn SSLEngine on SSLCertificateFile "d:/apache/cert/xxxcn/xxx.cn.crt" SSLCertificateKeyFile "d:/apache/cert/xxxcn/xxx.cn.key" SSLCertificateChainFile "d:/apache/cert/xxxcn/root_bundle.crt" DirectoryIndex index.php index.html <Directory "d:/web/xxxcn/"> Options FollowSymLinks AllowOverride All <RequireAll> Require all granted # 屏蔽某一特定IP Require not ip 171.8.172.102 # 屏蔽某一特定IP段 Require not ip 123.149 171.8 125.41 125.46 61.52 123.60 222.137 123.52 1.192 182.119 123.161 221.15 123.160 27.115.124 42.236.10 </RequireAll> </Directory> CustomLog "logs/xxxcn.log" combined </VirtualHost> #配置www.yyy.cn网站 <VirtualHost *:443> DocumentRoot "d:/web/yyycom/" ServerName yyy.com ServerAlias www.yyy.com SSLEngine on SSLCertificateFile "d:/apache/cert/yyycom/yyy.com.crt" SSLCertificateKeyFile "d:/apache/cert/yyycom/yyy.com.key" SSLCertificateChainFile "d:/apache/cert/yyycom/root_bundle.crt" DirectoryIndex index.php index.html <Directory "d:/web/yyycom"> Options FollowSymLinks AllowOverride All <RequireAll> Require all granted # 屏蔽某一特定IP Require not ip 171.8.172.102 # 屏蔽某一特定IP段 Require not ip 123.149 171.8 125.41 125.46 61.52 123.60 222.137 123.52 1.192 182.119 123.161 221.15 123.160 27.115.124 42.236.10 </RequireAll> </Directory> CustomLog "logs/yyycom.log" combined </VirtualHost>
五、保存并重启apache后生效。然后你网站就能以https://进行加密传输访问了。
原文地址:https://www.mylawcn.com/p/66bc656b4854f